The Mesopotamia civilization began during 4000 BC when small groups of people started coming in and living together. They started with the invention of agriculture and irrigation.
Gradually, with the growth in population and agricultural activities, the necessity of taxation and redistribution of food supplies was felt. The situation led to the development of Government and a system with law and order.
Numerous inventions and discoveries took place, and this small area with a less population turned into one of the largest and most significant civilizations in history.
The drastic change from a small group to the largest civilization did not take place overnight. Instead, it took almost more than 30 decades.
The gradual upgrade and advancement of Mesopotamia are explained in this article based on their respective timeline with some details.
Ancient Mesopotamia Timeline
Cradle of Civilization
The small area began turning into a civilization during 5000 BC, where a small group of people started gathering. They began to work and live together. They also discovered agriculture, irrigation, and animal husbandry as ...
The invention of the earliest writing system
Cuneiform, one of the earliest writing system, was invented by the Sumerians during 3300 BC. It is also known as Sumer- Akkadian Cuneiform which was first created in a pictographic form. It was primarily developed ...
The invention of Wheels
The wheels were invented during 3200 BC. It was primarily developed to give a shape to clay pots and pottery designing. Later, it was used to move the chariots and wheel-carts. The first wheel invented ...
Rule of King Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh was the famous King of Uruk. He ruled over the Uruk city for about 126 years from 2700 BC to 2500 BC. He was known as an ancient hero and a legendary warrior King ...
Sumerian language replaced by Akkadian language
The Sumerians lived in the Southern part of Mesopotamia whereas the Akkadians lived in the North. Both had their languages despite similarities in culture and Government. The Sumerians ruled over most of Mesopotamia, so initially, ...
Rule of King Naram-Sin of Akkad
Naram-Sin was the ruler of the Akkadian Empire. He ruled the empire for over 40 years from 2255 BC to 2218 BC. During his reign, he claimed divinity for himself and took the title of ...
Changes in power over city of Ur
The Elamites captured the city of Ur from the Sumerians during 2000 BC. They ruled over the city for about 100 years. The city of Ur was again taken over by the Assyrians from the ...
Death of Assyrian King: 1781 BC
King Shamshi-Adad, who was one of the most influential rulers of the Assyrian Empire, died in 1781 BC. He expanded the empire towards the northern part. The empire started to weaken with the demise of ...
Death of Babylonian King Hammurabi
King Hammurabi, the famous King of Babylonia, died in 1750 BC. He was the 6th King of the first Babylonian dynasty who over the empire from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. The empire was weakened ...
Changes in power
The Mesopotamia civilization was taken over by the Kassites after the fall of the Babylonian Empire. The Kassites took over the city of Babylon during 1595 BC. The Kassites ruled over the city for over ...
The use of Iron weapons and chariot began
The Assyrians gained power over the Mesopotamia Civilization and set some rules and system according to them. They started using Iron weapons and chariots. These materials were highly used for the purpose of claiming rights ...
Numerous changes take place in the Assyrian Empire
The Assyrians captured Babylon during 1225 BC and the 2nd Assyrian Empire came under the rule of King Tiglath-Piliser I in 1155 BC. The Assyrian Empire gained power during the reign of King Tiglath-Pilier I ...
New rulers of Achaemenid Empire
During 550 BC, a new ruler – Cyrus the Great rises to power and with him, there is a rise of a very new empire. The new empire is known as the Persian Empire. It ...
Division of Persian Empire
Darius the Great became the King of Persia in 522 B.C.E. He then expanded the whole empire and divided the empire into numerous states. Every state was ruled by a governor famously known as satrap. ...
Conclusion:
The Mesopotamia Civilization is one of the oldest and largest civilizations in history. It ruled the world for over 30 decades.
During its period, it went through numerous ups and downs. The major changes in civilization were the rulers. The civilization was ruled by numerous rulers forming numerous empires.
